Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version)  2024, Vol. 12 Issue (5): 362-368 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2024.05.007 |
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| Analysis of the current situation of birth defects in newborns in Dazhou from 2020 to 2021 and its influencing factors |
| He Juan, Zheng Xiao
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dazhou Women and Children's Hospital, Sichuan, Dazhou 635000, China
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Abstract 【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the current situation of birth defects in newborns in Dazhou from 2020to 2021, and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide a reference for scientific guidance on eugenics and childbreeding. Method Data of 59 591 newborns delivered in all midwifery hospitals in Dazhoufrom January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were collected retrospectively. The incidence of birth defects,the incidence of birth defects in order, and the diagnostic methods of birth defects were analyzed. The birthdefects group (n=328) was composed of the birth defects children, and the remaining healthy newborns wereincluded in the healthy group (n=59 263). The clinical characteristics of the two groups of newborns werecompared. Statistical methods performed by χ2 test, non-parametric rank sum test, univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Result The incidence of birth defects in newborns in Dazhoufrom 2020 to 2021 was 55.04? and the top five birth defects were polydactyly (toe), congenital heart disease, other deformities of the external ear, cleft palate, and microtia (including absence of ear), among which the top five birth defects in 2020 were polydactyly (toe), congenital heart disease, other deformities of the external ear, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate, and the top five birth defects in 2021 were polydactyly (toe), congenital heart disease, other deformities of the external ear, cleft palate, and microtia (including absence of ear). From 2020 to 2021, the main diagnostic methods for birth defects in newborns in Dazhou were clinical and ultrasound examination. Compared with the healthy group, the birth defect group had a higher rate of male newborns and low birth weight infants, as well as a higher rate of pregnant women aged ≥35 years, smoking during pregnancy, drinking alcohol during pregnancy, having a senior high school/ technical secondary school education or below, living in urban areas, having a family history of birth defects, taking medication during pregnancy, having a history of exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy, having a history of viral infection in early pregnancy, and having malnutrition during pregnancy (all P<0.001).The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male newborns, infants with low birth weight, pregnant women aged ≥35 years, smoking during pregnancy, drinking during pregnancy, senior high school/technical secondary school education or below, living in urban areas, family history of birth defects,history of medication during pregnancy, history of exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy, viral infection in early pregnancy, and malnutrition during pregnancy were independent factors affecting the occurrence of birth defects in newborns (all P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Dazhou from 2020 to 2021
was lower than the national level, with polydactyle (toes), congenital heart disease, etc. being more common. Male newborns, infants with low birth weight, pregnant women aged ≥35 years, smoking during pregnancy, drinking during pregnancy, senior high school/technical secondary school education or below, living in urban areas, having a family history of birth defects, taking medication during pregnancy, having a history of exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy, having a history of viral infection in early pregnancy, and having malnutrition during pregnancy were independent factors affecting the incidence of birth defects in newborns. Clinical practitioners can develop targeted preventive measures based on this to further reduce the incidence of birth defects in newborns and improve the quality of population birth.
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Received: 25 July 2023
Published: 30 September 2024
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