Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version)  2025, Vol. 13 Issue (3): 209-213 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2025.03.008 |
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| Analysis of influencing factors of birth defects in neonates in a tertiary hospital in Beijing |
| Wang Wenwen, Wan Ke, Chen Minxiu, et al
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(1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BeijingTongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176, China; 2.The Fourth Clinical Medical College,Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176, China)
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Abstract 【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the situation and influencing factors of birth defects in neonates, soas to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of the birth population and reducing the incidence of birth defects. Method Using a retrospective study method, a total of 7 614 neonates delivered at BeijingTongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected as thestudy subjects. The incidence, type, and trends of birth defects were analyzed, the incidence, types of birthdefects of different maternal age groups were analyzed, along with the impact of potential influencing factorson birth defects. Statistical methods performed by χ2 test, univariate and multivariate Logistic regressionanalysis. Result The incidence of birth defects in neonates was 608.09/10 000 (463/7 614). The topnine birth defects by incidence were congenital heart disease (319.15/10 000), external ear deformity(85.37/10 000), cryptorchidism (40.71/10 000), polydactyly/syndactyly (30.21/10 000), hydronephrosis(22.33/10 000), chromosomal abnormalities (14.45/10 000), other kidney malformations (14.45/10 000),cleft lip and palate (9.19/10 000), and clubfoot (7.88/10 000). From 2022 to 2024, the incidence of congenitalheart disease showed an increasing trend, while the incidence of external ear deformity showed a decreasingtrend, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The highest incidence of birth defectsin neonates was observed in the maternal age ≥35 years group (649.59/10 000), followed by the <30 yearsgroup (615.37/10 000) and the 30-35 years group (569.54/10 000), but the differences were not statisticallysignificant (P>0.05). The differences were not statistically significant in the types of birth defects in neonatesacross different maternal age groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that firsttrimester
infection (OR=2.847, 95% CI: 2.227-3.640), irregular folic acid supplementation (OR=3.158, 95% CI:
2.560-3.897), and low educational level (OR=1.948, 95% CI: 1.112-3.412) were significant factors influencing theoccurrence of birth defects in neonates. Conclusion Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birthdefect in neonates. Prevention and control of first-trimester infections, irregular folic acid supplementation, andpromoting health education are the key measures to reduce birth defects in neonates.
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Received: 08 January 2025
Published: 31 May 2025
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