Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To study the correlation about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and relevant clinical data and neurological prognosis of asphyxiated neonates. Methods From January 2013 to December 2015, the full-term newborns with asphyxia were admitted to the neonatology department of the Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, and totally 46 cases with complete data were studied. All the neonates were conducted by MRI examination at the age of 6~14 days and their clinical data were collected. Mental development index (MDI) and psychomotive development index (PDI) were calculated at the age of 12 months according to children's developmental center of China (CDCC). The statistical analysis was carried out by t test, χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method. Results The severe asphyxia group were higher (all P ﹤ 0.05) than the mild asphyxia group in the proportion of abnormal CDCC scores of severe asphyxia group and mild asphyxia group[66.7% (16/24) vs 22.7% (5/22)], the proportion of abnormal MRI [79.2% (19/24) vs 36.4% (8/22)], the rate of abnormal basal ganglia/thalamus [45.8% (11/24) vs 9.1% (2/22)] and the incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) [91.7% (22/24) vs 22.7% (5/22)] . In the 27 cases of neonates with abnormal MRI results, 13 cases were abnormal basal ganglia/thalamus and 14 cases were normal basal ganglia/thalamus. The basal ganglia/thalamus abnormal group were higher (all P ﹤ 0.05) than the normal basal ganglia/thalamus in the incidence of abnormal both in PDI and MDI [61.5% (8/13) vs 7.1% (1/14)], the duration of convulsions [(96.3±24.9) vs (67.8 ± 18.6) hours]; the abnormal basal ganglia/thalamus were lower than the basal ganglia/thalamus normal group (all P ﹤ 0.05) in the 5 minutes Apgar score [(3.6 ± 2.1) vs (5.2 ± 1.9) scores] and the umbilical cord blood pH value [(6.91±0.21) vs (7.06±0.18)] . CDCC score of abnormal group were higher than the normal group in the abnormal MRI rate [(85.7%(18/21) vs 16.0% (4/25)] and the duration of convulsions [(76.1±49.9) vs (39.9±34.1) hours]; CDCC score of abnormal group were lower than the CDCC score normal group(all P ﹤ 0.05) in the 5 minutes Apgar score [(5.1±2.9) vs (6.6±2.1) scores], the umbilical cord blood pH value [(6.92±0.29) vs (7.05±0.21)] and the rate of good follow-up compliance [28.6% (6/21) vs 60.0% (15/25)]. Conclusions MRI examination has some value in the evaluation of neurological prognosis in asphyxiated neonates. It is more likely to cause motor dysfunction if the injured sites are in basal ganglia/thalamus area. The neurological symptoms and MRI findings should be paid attention in neonates with asphyxiation and the early intervention in high-risk neonates should be strengthened.