早产儿乙肝疫苗免疫接种现状及研究进展

发育医学电子杂志

2015, Vol. 3

Issue (1): 56-58

围产医学综述｜新生儿

早产儿乙肝疫苗免疫接种现状及研究进展

郭果　张雪峰

解放军第三〇二医院

The status and research progress of hepatitis B vaccine immunization in preterm infants

GUO Guo,ZHANG Xue-feng

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摘要乙型肝炎（乙肝）是危害人类健康的全球性公共卫生问题，每年用于肝炎和肝病的医疗、保健费用高达1000 多亿元^［1］。WHO 估计全球每年至少有20 亿人感染过乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）。我国是HBV 的高发地区。据2006 年全国人群乙肝血清流行病学调查，我国1 ～ 59 岁人群乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）流行率为7.18%，而新生儿感染HBV 后约有90% 可发展为慢性携带者。在所
有的疫苗中，乙肝疫苗是惟一一个国内外都作为常规疫苗接种计划，在出生时就应进行接种的疫苗，乙肝疫苗的接种是预防和控制乙肝的最有效手段，美国儿科协会建议所有新生儿应在出生时或出院前接种乙肝疫苗^［2］。但我国现有的预防接种计划中2500 g 以下早产儿和低出生体重儿多未在出生后即刻接种。有研究发现，乙肝疫苗首针未及时接种的主要原因为早产儿（38.9%）和低体
重儿（22.2%）^［3］。早产、低体重儿未及时接种疫苗的原因可能与临床医生担心早产儿体液和细胞免疫不成熟，较高的临床并发症，早产儿接种疫苗后的不良反应等有关。现就早产儿乙肝疫苗接种现状及研究进展进行总结，旨在进一步规范早产儿的乙肝疫苗接种，降低乙肝发生率。

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关键词: 早产儿 ')" href="#">早产儿乙肝疫苗乙型肝炎

收稿日期: 2014-08-06 出版日期: 2015-01-30 发布日期: 2019-07-20 期的出版日期: 2015-01-30

通讯作者: 张雪峰https://www.jiankang.com/doctor/16544/ E-mail: doctor1966@sina.com

引用本文:

郭果　张雪峰. 早产儿乙肝疫苗免疫接种现状及研究进展[J]. 发育医学电子杂志, 2015, 3(1): 56-58.
GUO Guo, ZHANG Xue-feng. The status and research progress of hepatitis B vaccine immunization in preterm infants. Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version), 2015, 3(1): 56-58.

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