Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version)  2026, Vol. 14 Issue (3): 181-187 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2026.03.002 |
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Relationship between serum IGF-1, AMH, HIF-1α and metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
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| Li Xiao1, Wang Ling , Zhang Xueke et al.
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1. School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China; 2. Department of Gynecology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, China
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Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A prospective study was conducted involving 208 patients with PCOS who were treated at Huangshi Central Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected as the PCOS group. Based on the presence or absence of MS, the patients were further divided into the MS group (n=96) and the non-MS group (n=112). Another 208 healthy female volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period at the same hospital were
chosen as the control group. Serum levels of IGF-1, AMH, and HIF-1α were detected by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of these biomarkers were compared between the PCOS group and the control group, and their association with MS was further analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of IGF-1, AMH, and HIF-1α for PCOS combined with MS. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and SNK-q test. Results The levels of IGF-1［(2.31±0.45) μg/L, (1.27±0.21) μg/L, and (1.02±0.20) μg/L］ decreased successively in the control group, non-MS group, and MS group, while the levels of AMH ［(6.38±1.12) μg/L, (11.32±2.46) μg/L, and (14.29±2.75) μg/L］and HIF-1α［(58.13±10.52) ng/L, (95.41±18.42) ng/L, and (116.08±21.83) ng/L］increased successively, the differences were statistically significant (F values were 579.614, 575.489, and 487.879, respectively; all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that waist circumference (OR=1.453, 95% CI: 1.043-2.024), fasting blood glucose (OR=1.956, 95% CI: 1.212-3.155), fasting insulin (OR=1.884, 95% CI: 1.156-3.069), glucose metabolic rate (OR=1.606, 95% CI: 1.146-2.250), triglycerides (OR=2.539, 95% CI: 1.340-4.810), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR=2.760, 95% CI: 1.489-5.117), IGF-1 (OR=0.610, 95% CI: 0.447-0.833), AMH (OR=2.212, 95% CI: 1.195-4.093), and HIF-1α (OR=2.008, 95% CI: 1.109-3.636) were factors affecting PCOS combined with MS (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the combined diagnosis of PCOS combined with MS using IGF-1, AMH, and HIF-1α achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.926 (95% CI: 0.893-0.960), which was significantly higher than the AUC of each individual indicator (Z values were 3.190, 3.421, 4.167; all P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum AMH and HIF-1α in PCOS patients with MS are elevated, while the level of IGF-1 is decreased, and their combined detection has a relatively high diagnostic value for PCOS combined with MS.
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Received: 19 January 2025
Published: 30 May 2026
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