发育医学电子杂志 2020, Vol. 8 Issue (4): 289-296 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2020.04.001 |
发育基础
专题笔谈
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哺乳动物单倍体细胞:遗传学研究中的利剑
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耿孟洋 张文豪 帅领 |
1. 南开大学 药物化学生物学国家重点实验室,天津 300350;2. 南开大学 药学院,天津 300350;3. 南开大学 实验动物中心,天津 300350
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Mammalian haploid cells - the advance in genetic research
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Geng Mengyang, Zhang Wenhao, Shuai Ling |
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摘要
单倍体细胞是只含有一套同源染色体的细胞, 一般存在于酵母等低等生物[1] 。而哺乳动物体细 胞往往以二倍体形式存在,在其体内只有配子是单 倍体细胞。配子在体外不能扩增且难以进行基因 操作,而很难应用于遗传学筛选研究。单倍体胚胎 干细胞是一类含有一套染色体,并且具有无限增殖 能力和体外分化潜能的人造细胞系。正是由于这 些优势使得单倍体胚胎干细胞可以广泛应用于各
种遗传学与发育生物学研究。精子和卵子通过受
精重新结合为二倍体,这样既可以修复有害突变对
个体带来的影响,又可以丰富基因的多样性,从而
维持物种的稳定。但二倍体不利于隐性遗传基因
的功能探索,相反,单倍体细胞没有等位基因的存
在,因此可以在表型上直观体现基因型的变化,这
对于科学家探索生命现象,破解基因密码十分有利。目前单倍体细胞已经在酵母和植物等物种的大规模基因组学筛选研究中彰显优势,因此科学家们迫切寻找哺乳动物中的单倍体细胞系。基于干细胞技术和流式分选技术的发展,包括小鼠在内的多个哺乳类单倍体胚胎干细胞系相继建立,为科学家在探索哺乳动物遗传现象、药物基因靶点等方面提供了便捷的研究平台。现将单倍体细胞的发展历程、固有特征及应用进行阐述,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。
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关键词:
单倍体')" href="#">
单倍体
胚胎干细胞
多能性
基因筛选
基因组标签计划
')" href="#">基因组标签计划
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收稿日期: 2020-05-11
发布日期: 2020-11-02
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基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1004101、2019YFA0109901);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872841、31671538 )
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通讯作者:
帅领https://pharmacy.nankai.edu.cn/info/1011/1286.htm
E-mail: lshuai@nankai.edu.cn
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