发育医学电子杂志 2020, Vol. 8 Issue (3): 267-271 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2020.03.014 |
结构畸形
综述
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胎儿先天性心脏病无创性产前筛查分子标志物的研究进展
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黄天楚 顾卉 袁正伟
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中国医科大学附属盛京医院 卫生部小儿先天畸形重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110004
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Research progress of noninvasive prenatal screening moleculesin children with congenital heart disease
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Huang Tianchu, Gu Hui, Yuan Zhengwei
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摘要
先 天 性 心 脏 病(congenital heart defects, CHD) 是目前最常见的先天缺陷,发生率为(6 ~ 8)/1 000,
占婴儿先天性疾病死亡率的 30% ~ 50%[1-2] 。尽管 CHD 发病机制方面的相关研究较多,但其病因仍不清楚,仍然是一个严重的问题。因此,早期产前诊断对于改善母亲和胎儿双方结局是至关重要的,在某些类型的胎儿心脏异常中,早期产前诊断有助于提供最佳的围产期和围术期管理,减少产后发病率和死亡率[3] 。在当前的围产保健中,CHD的临床诊断主要依靠妊娠中期的胎儿超声心动图检查。一项中国的多中心前瞻性列研究中指出,胎儿超声心动图检查的敏感性和特异性分别为33.9% 和 99.8%[4] ,这意味着在此期间有很大一部分的 CHD 未被检测到。胎儿超声心动图的准确性在很大程度上取决于设备质量以及操作员经验,并且受某些不可控制因素的影响,如胎儿位置和孕妇肥胖,更重要的是,超声诊断的最早时间是在胎儿出现结构异常之后,已经处于畸形不可逆的状态,失去了最佳预防和治疗的时机。因此,建立无创性产前检测(non-invasive prenatal testing,NIPT)一直是人们不断追求的理想目标,是国内外相关领域的重点研究课题。来自机体体液的分子标志物被认为是评估人类疾病和健康的一个强大的诊断工具,这种 NIPT 对诊断、预后、风险评估和治疗都有一定的价值。尤其是最近组学分析的大规模应用使得研究人员能够发现更多新的生物标记,如基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和表观基因组学等,这些生物标记已被广泛应用于产前生物学标志物的识别中。该领域的发展为 CHD 等胎儿结构异常的产前筛查开辟了新的途径。
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关键词:
先 天 性 心 脏 病')" href="#">
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收稿日期: 2020-03-09
出版日期: 2020-07-30
发布日期: 2020-07-28
期的出版日期: 2020-07-30
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基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(81771595)
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通讯作者:
顾卉
E-mail: huier.99@hotmail.com
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