发育医学电子杂志  2017, Vol. 5 Issue (3): 172-176 |
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围产医学
综述
｜新生儿
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| 支气管肺发育不良婴幼儿肺功能检测 |
| 张霭润1 房晓祎2 |
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1.汕头大学医学院第一附属医院 新生儿科，广东 汕头 515041；
2. 中山大学附属第七医院 新生儿科，广东 深圳 518107
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| Lung function testing of bronchopulmonary dysplasia for infants and children |
| ZHANG Ai-run, FANG Xiao-yi |
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摘要 早产儿支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD），常见于极低、超低出生体重儿，是一种较严重的慢性肺部疾病。1967年Northway等首先描述“经典型”BPD的症状，在肺表面活性物质使用前时代，患有严重呼吸窘迫综合征的早产儿，由于气压伤和吸入高浓度氧引起肺部损伤，病理表现主要为气道及肺实质的广泛炎症及纤维化。随着医疗技术水平的提高，早产儿尤其是极早早产儿和极低出生体重儿存活率明显提高，与高氧及气压伤相关的“经典型”BPD已不常见，代之出现与肺泡发育及肺血管发育受阻相关的“新型”BPD。BPD诊断标准是：新生儿生后持续用氧至少28天，胎龄﹤32周根据校正胎龄36周或出院时需吸氧浓度分度；胎龄﹥32周根据生后56天或出院时需吸氧浓度进行分度。近年国内权威数据显示，早产儿BPD的总发病率为1.26%，28周以下的早产儿BPD的发病率达19.3%。存活的BPD患儿其呼吸系统预后主要表现为反复的肺部感染、气道高反应性甚至婴幼儿慢性呼吸系统疾病，严重影响生活质量。
肺功能检测是利用呼吸生理学原理，通过测定通气、换气和相关生理指标协助临床诊断和判断预后的一项无创性诊断技术。本文拟对BPD婴幼儿时期肺功能检测技术及其主要评价指标的研究进展予以综述，以指导临床在BPD患儿呼吸系统病情判断、治疗决策及预后评估中选择合适的方法和评价指标。
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收稿日期: 2017-06-02
出版日期: 2017-07-30
发布日期: 2018-01-12
期的出版日期: 2017-07-30
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| 基金资助: 汕头市科技计划项目（汕府科［2017］119） |
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通讯作者:
房晓祎：医学博士，汕大医附一院新生儿科主任，硕士生导师，汕头大学医学院兼聘教授。中国医师协会新生儿分会母源性疾病专业委员会委员、广东省医学会围产医学分会常务委员、广东省医师协会新生儿科医师分会常务委员、广东省健康管理学会儿科学及青少年健康管理专业委员会常务委员。擅长新生儿危重症抢救，早产儿及小于胎龄儿营养代谢管理，高危新生儿出院后营养及生长发育监测，儿童保健。
E-mail: judyfangxy@126.com
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