母乳成分与泌乳机制的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2019.02.002

发育医学电子杂志

2019, Vol. 7

Issue (2): 86-89 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2019.02.002

围产医学专题笔谈｜产科

母乳成分与泌乳机制的研究进展

刘喜红

广州市妇女儿童医疗中心　临床营养科，广东　广州　510623

Research progress of components of human milk and lactation mechanism

LIU Xi-Hong

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摘要众所周知，无论早产儿还是足月儿，母乳均是其体格生长和神经行为发育最理想的营养来源。从营养学、经济学和情感需求等方面来讲，母乳均有得天独厚的优势。母乳喂养的好处包括 3 个层面，即儿童、母亲及社会层面。母乳喂养可以促进婴儿各个脏器的发育与成熟，降低婴儿疾病发生及提高成年后长期生命质量^［1-5］。来自巴西的一项出生队列研究显示，母乳喂养的量和母乳喂养持续时间与成年后的智商、情商、社会地位、社会成就，甚至与收入均成正比^［6］。母乳喂养可以帮助母亲产后恢复体重，加快子宫修复，降低代谢综合征及心血管疾病，减少乳腺癌、卵巢癌以及产后抑郁等^［4-5］。母乳喂养的好处甚至可以上升至国家公共卫生资源层面，美国的研究显示提高母乳喂养率可以减少医疗成本 360 亿美元 / 年；减少父母亲因旷工导致的家庭收入损失，减少处理配方奶粉罐与奶瓶等环境压力，减少人工喂养相关产品生产运输等造成的能源需求^［4,7］。美国的一项母乳喂养成本与效益研究显示，如果纯母乳喂养率达到 90%，每年可以节省
130 亿美元，同时可预防 911 例婴儿死亡。但遗憾的是，全球的母乳喂养率并不理想，其原因之一是
有部分妇女因乳腺先天发育不足或其他原因如疾病、社会、心理、遗传、行为等因素导致产奶失败或
泌乳不足^［8-9］。母亲能分泌足够量的母乳以及能提供质量足够好的母乳，即保证母乳的质与量是实现
母乳喂养以上 3 个层面好处的前提。

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	刘喜红

关键词: 母乳')" href="#">

母乳营养成分细胞群外泌体

')" href="#"> 泌乳机制

收稿日期: 2019-01-13 出版日期: 2019-04-30 发布日期: 2019-05-06 期的出版日期: 2019-04-30

基金资助: 广东省自筹经费类科技计划项目（2017ZC0389）

通讯作者: 刘喜红http://www.gzfezx.com/a/201505/765298.html E-mail: wjlxhhn@163.com

引用本文:

刘喜红. 母乳成分与泌乳机制的研究进展[J]. 发育医学电子杂志, 2019, 7(2): 86-89.
LIU Xi-Hong. Research progress of components of human milk and lactation mechanism. Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version), 2019, 7(2): 86-89.

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