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发育医学电子杂志  2017, Vol. 5 Issue (3): 132-135    
  围产医学   标准·方案·指南 |新生儿 |
加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气的临床应用建议
中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会呼吸专业委员会
中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会
Clinical application recommendations for heated humidified high flow nasal cannula
Professional Committee of Respiratory, Society of Neonatologist, Chinese Medical Doctor Association
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摘要   加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气(heated humidified high flow nasal cannula,HHHFNC)是一种非侵入性的通气方式,通过非密封的鼻塞导管,将经过加温湿化、空氧混合的气体以最佳流量直接输送至鼻腔。HHHFNC最初起源于鼻导管氧疗,但与传统的鼻导管吸氧有所不同,HHHFNC可提供高流量、加温湿化的气体,通过专门的鼻导管装置提供呼吸支持,能够提供4~8 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)的呼气末正压(positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP)。
  不同文献对“高流量”的定义不同。2011年,Wilkinson等的系统综述将“高流量”定义为流量﹥1 L/min。既往观点曾认为,高流量鼻导管通气(high flow nasal cannula,HFNC)产生的肺扩张压不可预测,甚至有学者发现HFNC可引起肺过度膨胀。Locke等研究发现,对早产儿使用2 L/min流量,可导致其平均食管压达9.8 cmH2O。Sreenan等发现,体重1 kg的新生儿在使用1.6 L/min流量时所产生的扩张压,相当于设定经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)为6 cmH2O。Volsko等在2011年发表的研究中认为,HFNC产生的压力接近或略低于nCPAP产生的压力。
  HHHFNC所产生的压力与流量成正比,与婴儿体重成反比。HHHFNC不仅靠高气流产生气道正压而发挥作用,而且加温湿化系统可使患儿吸入与体温相似及高度湿化的气体,增加纤毛活性,降低分泌物黏稠度,防止寒冷诱导的支气管痉挛,还可减轻呼吸道黏膜水肿。虽然HHHFNC存在提供压力不确定等问题,安全性也有待进一步证实,但目前国际上仍普遍应用,主要用于治疗早期及轻度呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)、早产儿呼吸暂停、预防拔管失败及作为nCPAP的过渡措施。近年来,我国已有学者在新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)中开展HHHFNC。本文对HHHFNC的系统组成、适应证、禁忌证、参数设定、疗效判断等方面进行阐述。
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关键词:  加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气  适应证  禁忌证    
收稿日期:  2017-05-31                出版日期:  2017-07-30      发布日期:  2018-01-11      期的出版日期:  2017-07-30
基金资助: 河北省医学适用技术跟踪项目(G201745)
通讯作者:  封志纯    E-mail:  zhjfengzc@126.com
引用本文:    
中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会呼吸专业委员会. 加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气的临床应用建议[J]. 发育医学电子杂志, 2017, 5(3): 132-135.
Professional Committee of Respiratory, Society of Neonatologist, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Clinical application recommendations for heated humidified high flow nasal cannula. Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version), 2017, 5(3): 132-135.
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