发育医学电子杂志 2017, Vol. 5 Issue (3): 132-135
围产医学
标准·方案·指南
|新生儿
|
加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气的临床应用建议
中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会呼吸专业委员会
中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会
Clinical application recommendations for heated humidified high flow nasal cannula
Professional Committee of Respiratory, Society of Neonatologist, Chinese Medical Doctor Association
摘要 加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气(heated humidified high flow nasal cannula,HHHFNC)是一种非侵入性的通气方式,通过非密封的鼻塞导管,将经过加温湿化、空氧混合的气体以最佳流量直接输送至鼻腔。HHHFNC最初起源于鼻导管氧疗,但与传统的鼻导管吸氧有所不同,HHHFNC可提供高流量、加温湿化的气体,通过专门的鼻导管装置提供呼吸支持,能够提供4~8 cmH 2 O(1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa)的呼气末正压(positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP)。
不同文献对“高流量”的定义不同。2011年,Wilkinson等的系统综述将“高流量”定义为流量﹥1 L/min。既往观点曾认为,高流量鼻导管通气(high flow nasal cannula,HFNC)产生的肺扩张压不可预测,甚至有学者发现HFNC可引起肺过度膨胀。Locke等研究发现,对早产儿使用2 L/min流量,可导致其平均食管压达9.8 cmH 2 O。Sreenan等发现,体重1 kg的新生儿在使用1.6 L/min流量时所产生的扩张压,相当于设定经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)为6 cmH 2 O。Volsko等在2011年发表的研究中认为,HFNC产生的压力接近或略低于nCPAP产生的压力。
HHHFNC所产生的压力与流量成正比,与婴儿体重成反比。HHHFNC不仅靠高气流产生气道正压而发挥作用,而且加温湿化系统可使患儿吸入与体温相似及高度湿化的气体,增加纤毛活性,降低分泌物黏稠度,防止寒冷诱导的支气管痉挛,还可减轻呼吸道黏膜水肿。虽然HHHFNC存在提供压力不确定等问题,安全性也有待进一步证实,但目前国际上仍普遍应用,主要用于治疗早期及轻度呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)、早产儿呼吸暂停、预防拔管失败及作为nCPAP的过渡措施。近年来,我国已有学者在新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)中开展HHHFNC。本文对HHHFNC的系统组成、适应证、禁忌证、参数设定、疗效判断等方面进行阐述。
关键词:
加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气
适应证
禁忌证
收稿日期: 2017-05-31
出版日期: 2017-07-30
发布日期: 2018-01-11
期的出版日期: 2017-07-30
基金资助: 河北省医学适用技术跟踪项目(G201745)
通讯作者:
封志纯
E-mail: zhjfengzc@126.com
引用本文:
中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会呼吸专业委员会. 加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气的临床应用建议 [J]. 发育医学电子杂志, 2017, 5(3): 132-135.
Professional Committee of Respiratory, Society of Neonatologist, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Clinical application recommendations for heated humidified high flow nasal cannula . Journal of Developmental Medicine(Electronic Version), 2017, 5(3): 132-135.
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