Analysis of risk factors of birth asphyxia in extremely premature infants
Zhou Zhenhui, Ma Xiuwei, Li Qiuping
(1. Intensive Care Unit of Extremely Premature Infants, Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China; 2. National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing 100700, China; 3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing 100700, China;4. Department of Neurodevelopmental, Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China)
Abstract: 【Abstract】 Objective To explore the risk factors of birth asphyxia in extremely premature infants. Methods From January 2017 to June 2020, extremely premature infants admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Extremely Premature Infants, Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were selected as the study subjects, including 184 cases in the asphyxia group and 153 cases in the control group. The clinical data of extremely premature infants and their mothers were retrospectively collected to analyze the risk factors of birth asphyxia in extremely premature infants. Statistical methods of t test, χ2 test, univariate and multivariate binary Logistic analysis were used. Results The incidence of hypertension during pregnancy in asphyxia group was higher than that in control group [19.0% (35/184) vs 9.2% (14/153), χ2 =6.551, P=0.010], and the incidence of infection during pregnancy was lower than that in control group [10.9% (20/184) vs 19.0% (29/153), χ2= 4.394, P= 0.036]. The gestational age and birth weight of extremely premature infants in asphyxia group were lower than those in control group [gestational age (26.4±1.2) vs (26.9±0.9) weeks, t= –3.88, P<0.001; birth weight (936±194) vs (999±177) g, t= –3.058, P=0.002], while the proportion of abnormal umbilical cord was higher than that of the control group [18.5%(34/184) vs 10.5% (16/153), χ2=4.253, P=0.039]. With the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia as the dependent variable, factors with P<0.1 in univariate analysis were included into the model, and further univariate and multivariate binary Logistic analysis was conducted. In univariate regression analysis, gestational age, birth weight, abnormal umbilical cord, hypertensive diseases during pregnancy and infection during pregnancy were correlated with asphyxia of extremely premature infants (OR values were 0.675, 0.998, 1.941, 2.332 and 0.521, respectively, all P<0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, gestational age was negatively correlated with asphyxia (OR =0.719, P=0.004), and umbilical cord abnormality was positively correlated with asphyxia (OR=2.172, P=0.024). Conclusion The risk factors of birth asphyxia in extremely premature infants are gestational age and abnormal umbilical cord. Early prevention and treatment of complications during pregnancy is of great significance to reduce the occurrence of premature delivery and birth asphyxia
2022, Vol. 10 
