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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital disease in children, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a key technique for the correction of CHD, but the brain injury caused by CPB is still an important cause of postoperative neurodevelopmental disorders, which not only affects the cerebral hemodynamics, but also may lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction and permanent neurological
impairment in the postoperative period. This paper systematically review the pathological mechanisms of
CPB-associated brain injury, focusing on the analysis of surgical factors, individual characteristics of children, inflammatory oxidative stress and neuroprotective strategies, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of perioperative management.
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2026, Vol. 14 
