Research progress on reproductive system health risks of bisphenol A exposure
Zhang Yaodong, Feng Yuanyuan, Wei Tao, et al
1.Department of Clinical Laboratory, NO.971 Hospital of PLA Navy, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; 2.Department of Cardiology, NO.971 Hospital of PLA Navy, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; 3.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, China; 4.Department of Outpatient, NO.92330 Military Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
双酚 A 作为环氧树脂和聚碳酸酯塑料制造主要原料，广泛存在于日常生活用品中，可通过饮食、经皮吸收等途径持续暴露，并普遍存在于人体内。双酚 A 化学结构类似雌激素，可通过激活多条信号通路，诱发氧化应激与炎症反应，从而破坏生殖系统功能。在女性中，双酚 A 可导致卵泡发育异常、类固醇合成抑制、卵巢储备下降及子宫内膜异位等病变；在男性中，则影响精子发生、顶体反应及睾酮合成，导致生育力下降。此外，双酚 A 还可引起表观遗传修饰改变，其效应可能具有跨代遗传特性。目前研究多集中于高剂量暴露效应，本文系统综述了环境内分泌干扰物双酚 A 的暴露现状、生殖毒性作用机制及其对男性和女性生殖健康的危害。未来应重点关注长期低剂量双酚 A 暴露的累积生殖风险及易感基因鉴定，为制定针对性防护策略和公共卫生政策提供理论依据。
Bisphenol A as a major raw material for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics is widely present in daily necessities. It can be continuously exposed via dietary intake, dermal absorption, and other routes and is widespread detection in the human body. Bisphenol A has a chemical structure similar to estrogen. It can activate multiple signaling pathways, induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and thereby disrupt the function of the reproductive system. In females, bisphenol A can lead to abnormal follicular development, inhibition of steroid synthesis, decreased ovarian reserve, endometriosis and other lesions. In males, bisphenol A can affect spermatogenesis, acrosome reaction and testosterone synthesis, leading to a decline in fertility. In addition, bisphenol A can cause epigenetic modification, and its effects may have the characteristic of transgenerational inheritance. While existing literature predominantly addresses high-dose exposure scenarios, this review comprehensively synthesizes exposure situations of the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A, its mechanistic underpinnings of reproductive toxicity, and its sex-specific impacts on reproductive health. In the future, particular attention should be paid to the cumulative reproductive risks and susceptibility genes identification of chronic low-dose bisphenol A exposure, the findings are essential for informing evidence-based targeted regulatory policies and public health interventions.
2026, Vol. 14 
