发育医学电子杂志 2021, Vol. 9 Issue (2): 156-160 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5340.2021.02.014
临床遗传
综述
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乳腺癌早期筛查手段的研究进展
王婷 赵鑫
苏州大学附属第一医院 普外科/ 护理部,江苏 苏州 215006
Research progress of early screening methods for breast cancer
Wang Ting, Zhao Xin
摘要 乳腺癌是危害女性健康最常见的恶性肿瘤,我 国每年新发乳腺癌26.9 万例,死亡约7 万例,发病
率还在不断上升[1] 。乳腺癌的诊断和治疗不仅对 患者的生理和心理产生许多不利影响,也给家庭及
社会造成一定负担。由于乳腺癌的病因尚未明确, 缺乏有效的一级预防手段,因此对适龄女性人群进 行乳腺癌早期筛查,实现早发现、早诊断和早治疗 的二级预防则更为重要。英国乳腺癌筛查独立评 估委员会的系统评价显示,乳腺癌筛查可使死亡率 下降20%[2] ,美国综合随机对照试验显示筛查使乳
腺癌的死亡率至少降低了20%[3] 。我国从20 世纪 80 年代开始进行过不同规模、不同手段的乳腺癌筛
查的研究实践,早期的筛查多采用临床检查结合近 红外线扫描,少数结合了超声或 X 线检查。2009 年
大规模实施的农村妇女“两癌(乳腺癌和宫颈癌)” 筛查项目中,对乳腺癌的筛查手段则采用体格检查
联合超声进行初筛,疑似者加做 X 线检查。本文就 乳腺癌筛查的手段进行综述,描述其在乳腺癌二级
预防中的应用现状,以期为乳腺癌预防保健和临床 工作中筛查手段的宣传、推广和选择提供参考。
关键词:
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line-height:2
乳腺癌')" href="#">">乳腺癌
筛查手段
早期
影像学检查
基因检测
收稿日期: 2019-10-30
发布日期: 2021-04-01
基金资助: 江苏省研究生实践创新计划 (SJCX19_0812);苏州市科技发展项目(SYS201512)
通讯作者:
赵鑫
E-mail: mumu011120@163.com
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